Joseph R. Anticaglia, MD
Medical Advisory Board
Swimmer’s ear, also known as external otitis, is an inflammation, or infection of the ear canal, the area between the external ear, and the eardrum. It’s called “swimmer’s ear” because it’s often initiated by water trapped in the ear canal after swimming or bathing, which creates a friendly environment for bacteria, and fungi to grow.
Symptoms vary from mild discomfort to excruciating pain. People may complain of an itchy, red, swollen ear canal with clear fluid, or pus draining from the ear. People may also experience a sensation of ear fullness, at times associated with loss of hearing. The infection may extend to the external ear causing it to swell, and making it very sensitive to touch. The pain is aggravated by chewing, and manipulation.
Several factors can contribute to the development of swimmer’s ear, including
For uncomplicated swimmer’s ear, treatment typically involves the use of ear drops, and pain medication. Antibiotic, or antifungal ear drops are prescribed depending on the cause of the infection. At times, the ear canal is severely swollen and almost totally occluded. In this situation, an ear wick is inserted into the canal to help the medication reach the infected area.
Over the counter pain medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen are often sufficient for mild to moderate pain. Opioids may be prescribed for severe pain.
Oral antibiotics are generally prescribed for cases where the infection has spread beyond the ear canal, or in individuals with specific risk factors, such as diabetes or immunosuppression.
Most cases of swimmer’s ear resolve with topical medications (ear drops), and over the counter pain medication. If left untreated, several complications have occurred, which include recurrent ear infections, temporary hearing loss, spread of the infection to surrounding tissue and bone.
To prevent future infections, dry the ears thoroughly after bathing or swimming, avoid traumatizing the ear with cotton swabs, or other object, and try using ear plugs and a bathing cap while swimming. The above measures can minimize future episode of swimmer’s ear.
